Card clothing treatment process



y 12, 1955 G. w. VAUGHAN, JR, ET AL 2,712,674

CARD CLOTHING TREATMENT PROCESS 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed May 24, 1954 EQL W 5 R& J y T Ma mZ/ VH5 a mw f w a Vww Z y U0 CC Y B m v y 1955 G. w. VAUGHAN, JR, ET AL 2,712,674

CARD CLOTHING TREATMENT PROCESS 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed May 24, 1954 y 1955 G. w. VAUGHAN, JR, ET AL 2,712,674

CARD CLOTHING TREATMENT PROCESS Filed May 24, 1954 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 rTo/wvaP United S tates l atent CARD CLUTHJNG TREATMENT PROCESS Guy W. Vaughan, Jr Peiham 1 Inner, N. Y., and Columbus R. Sacchini, Wilioughby, Ohio, assignors to The Marquette l f tal Products Company, Cleveland, Ohio, a corporation of Ghio Application lviay 24, 1954, Serial No. 431,973

9 Claims. (Cl. 19-109) This application is a continuation, in part, of our application Serial No. 353,366, filed May 6, 1953.

The invention relates to a type of carding cylinder clothing conditioning treatment by suction during operation of the carding machines to produce useful sliver, as distinguished from the more commonly used method of stripping the clothing periodically by suction, to remove all accumulated fiber and foreign material therefrom, during idle or non-productive operation of the carding machines.

The invention hereof involves progressively and locally applying relatively high suction along a very narrow track or swath heiically traversing the carding cylinder clothing undirectionally along the axis of the cylinder and at such a rate as will maintain the clothing free from undesired matted or deeply embedded fibers and foreign material while, generally along the cylinder,- preserving an effectual and approximately uniform fleecesupporting blanket of useful fibers on the clothing. The new procedure is characterized especially in that the cleaning cycle comprises a slow active traverse of the cylinder or part thereof by a small effective suction nozzle aperture, during which intensive suction at the aperture is maintained, followed by a relatively rapid idle traverse of the cylinder back to the starting point, during which idle traverse the suction is rendered inefiective to remove deeply embedded fibers etc. from the cylinder while remaining effective to remove from the tips of the clothing wires, and from the useful blanket of fibers supported thereby, about as much fleece per unit of time as was removed during the main or active traverse. Thereby, inter alia, the sliver weight per unit length is not varied by the cylinder conditioning treatment hereof.

If, as formerly practiced, the suction nozzle operates continuously back and forth along the cylinder it periodically overcleans the cylinder near its effective axial margins and undercleans other portions of the cylinder, largely because recleaning at the effective marginal areas, once during each complete cycle of operation, is prematurely done, and portions of the cylinder which are more greatly in need of cleaning during such recleaning of the margins are too long neglected. In the present process, as outlined above, the active part of the cylinder cleaning cycle is commenced at the location on the cylinder where the greatest amount of undesired material is most likely to have accumulated.

In the procedure hereof the relatively high suction application is along a wath or path of action which is narrower than the average length of fibers being carded. This results in that the clothing Wires are adequately stripped of deeply embedded fiber and foreign material as a strand of sufficiently limited width so that tying fibers will extend across the path of action from useful blanket fiber material on one side into useful blanket fiber material on the other side, thereby to serve as an adequate base for continued rebuilding of the blanket.

The operation results in an effectual fleece supporting blanket being continuousl" maintained on the'cylinder 2,712,674 Patented July 12, 1955 and, because there is no important difference in the amount of fleece fibers taken from the cylinder per unit of time during the active and idle periods of applied suction, the process does not interfere with production of uniform weight per unit length of sliver.

The carding cylinder treatment hereof can effectually be practiced by use of the herewith-disclosed carding cylinder conditioning mechanism unit A which is adapted to be mounted securely and precisely in proper working position on the various makes of carding machines now in use and without interfering in any way with normal carding operations thereof or with their proper servicing, inspection or adjustment.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. l is a rear elevational assembly (greatly reduced scale) View of mechanism unit A and a fiber collector head C (not fully shown) which carries a suction nozzle (N, Fig. 2) and reversibly traverses the carding cylinder parallel to its aais.

Figs. 1A and 1B are enlarged scale, detail sectional views taken as conventionally indicated on Fig. 1. Fig. 1C is a sectional view of a valve actuating device taken as indicated at 1C1C on Fig. 1B.

Fig. 2 is an end view of the unit A, showing, in broken lines, associated portions of a carding machine when the unit is in working position thereon, the view further showing the collector head C and its suction nozzle N.

Figs. 2A and 2B are detail sectional views, each in a different relatively enlarged scale, taken as indicated on Fig. 2.

Fig. 3 is a partial or fragmentary transverse sectional assembly view as indicated at 3-3 on Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is an assembly section (full scale) view left and right hand portions of which are taken in different planes, both being indicated at 4 4 on Fig. 2 (plane of left portion further indicated on Fig. 5), showing the principal rotary or torque transmitting elements of a reversible, two-speed-output gear and clutch mechanism or unit G, shown at the left of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a sectional assembly (reduced scale) view of mechanism 6, showing particularly a spring toggle or snap action mechanism T thereof, the view being taken at right angles to Fig. 4, as indicated thereon.

Fig. 6 is a full scale, sectional detail view of the toggle mechanism T, as indicated at 6-6 on Fig. 5.

The present invention is shown in connection with the above mentioned fiber collector head C, Figs. 1, 1A and 2, the mechanism of which salvages whatever useful fiber material is taken from the carding cylinder. The collector head mechanism can, for example, be essentially as shown and described in United States Patent 2,507,141. Collector head C has suitable sleeve bearings, such as the one indicated at It in Fig. 1A, by which the head C can slide along a main rotary drive shaft 11 of the unit A. The mechanism inside collector head C includes a hollow rotary drum (not shown) with perforated walls, the drum being geared to shaft 11 so that it is continuously turned thereby during operation of the carding machine. The drum acts as a rotary screen for collecting fibers from the carding cylinder and which fibers are received through nozzie N. The fibers are suitably doffed from the cylinder and routed (e. g.) to the lap on the carding machine feed plate, all as fully illustrated or described in said U. S. patent. Driving of the collector head mechanism is through a key (not shown), operating in a keyway 12 (Fig. 1A) extending approximately the full length of the shaft 11.

To produce the required suction at the tip of the nozzle N, the hollow interior of the collector head body 14 is connected to the nozzle and to a suitable low air pressure source or aspirator (not shown) through a rigid tube 15 Fig. l, on the body 14 through an automatically operated valve 16 (Fig. 1B). The body 17 of the valve is adjustably clamped to the tube by means not shown. A flexible tube 18, a small portion of which is shown in Fig. 1, leads from the valve body to the suction source or connected piping. The nozzle N, as best shown in Fig. 2, extends through a slot S in the back knife plate K, guides for the nozzle being shown in the form of metal angles 19 and 20 on the knife plate which are preferably coextensive with the slot S in order to reinforce the plate around the slot.

For attachment of the present unit A to various makes of carding machines, the frame of the unit, as best shown in Fig. 1, comprises principally main end frame members 22 and 24 (hereinafter, usually, swing arms) preferably connected together by a single fairly rigid cross member shown as a cylindrical rod 25. Additionally, bifurcated upper portions of the swing arms are pivotally connected as by removable pins 22 and 24, to respective attaching brackets 26 and 27. The brackets are identical and as indicated by the showing of bracket 27 Fig. 3, are generally of L-shape.

Fig. 2 shows the bracket 27 as having elongated slots 28 and 29 for receiving attaching fasteners such as bolts or screws 30 and 31; and Fig. 3 shows a depending head or plate portion 27a of the bracket adjacent the pivot pin 24 to which portion the swing arms are connected by adjusting and securing elements shown as screws 32 and 33. Upper screw 32 operates as a clamping element and passes through a slot 32 in the swing arm 24, being threaded into the head plate. 7 into the swing arm and its forward end abuts the head plate. After the brackets 26 and 27 are secured in approximately proper position, the two adjusting screws 33 (see Fig. 1) are manipulated for setting the shaft 11, hence the traversing path of nozzle N, precisely into parallel relationship to the carding cylinder. A portion of the .clothed surface of the cylinder is diagrammatically indicated at R, Fig. 2.

Fastenings for the brackets 26 and 27 on the usual flat bearing'brackets F (position of one bracket F being shown in Fig. l, flats at F) are identical in construction.

Fastening bolt 30, Fig. 23 can be located coaxially with the rearmost sheave or guide roller of the flat assembly,

the bolt extending from the bracket F through a spacer 4 sleeve 30a, slot 28 in bracket 27 and into a clamping nut assembly 30b. Fastener 31 clamps bracket 27 against a block 35 which, in turn, is clamped to the bearing bracket 'F' by a single clamping screw 36.

The various fastening elements permit the unit A always to be mounted so that the path of movement of the suction nozzle N is in close relationship and parallel to the cylinder clothing. Additionally, when the screws 33 of the swing arms 22 and 24 are finally properly adjusted and locked in place, as already described, and the swing I arms are secured to the cross rod 25 as by pins 25a (one shown in Fig. 3) the unit A can thereafter be easily re- ]leased, by unscrewing the clamping bolts 32 (tube 18,

then disconnected); and the unit can then be swung bodily upwardly and forwardly into a parked position suggested ,in Fig. 3 by broken lines at 24x. center of gravity of the unit A is forwardly of the pivots E22" and 24, and pins 38 on the swing arms 22 and 24 j abut the top sides of the brackets 26 and 27 to arrest furj ther swinging movement.

In that position the As shown by comparison of Figs. 1 and 4, each end of the drive shaft 11 is mounted in a ball joint bearing 40 (construction generally the same at each end, hence only one end being fully illustrated). As shown in Fig. 4,,a

generally spheroidal bearing block 41 with flattened ends is securedas by snap rings to the shaft 11. The shaft turns freely in block 41, and the spherical surface of the latter mates a similar internal surface of an annular split retainer or mounting piece 42 suitably fastened to the swing arm. The two ends of a longitudinally split but Adjusting screw 33 is threaded 4 otherwise cylindrical guard sleeve or shroud 44 around the shaft are seated in counterbores 44a and 4411 (Fig. 1) in respective swing arms Hand 24, concentric with the bearing elements described above.

The shaft 11 is driven from its right-hand end (Fig. 1)

by a reduction gear unit 45 of any suitable type, an output gear thereof (not shown) being connected to the shaft by a universal joint such as theone shown at 46 in Fig. 4 and which will be further referred to later. The universal joints pivot (i. e. allow for misalignment of connected torque'transrnitting members) about the same centers as the associated ball joints 4!). The shaft 11, in the illustrated arrangement, is driven by the main cylinder drive shaft H, Fig. 2, through a pulley48, belt 50 and pulley 49 keyed to shaft 11. Torque input to the mechanism G (see Fig. 4) is through the universal joint 46 to a spur and bevel gear a, the gear and shaft 11 having sockets slidably fitting the non-circular terminal stubs 46 and 46" of the universal joint.

In order to drive the collector head C, hence suction nozzle'N, along the carding cylinder parallel to its rotational axis, cable driving and supporting sheaves or pulleys 55 and56 (Figs. 1, 2 and 4) are arranged on the. unit A. Sheave 55 is mounted on casing 53 of gear and clutch mechanism G, and sheave 56 'is mounted on a carrier plate 57 (far right, Fig. 1, see also Fig. 3) situated and clamped in place between swing arm 24 and the reduction gear unit 45. The two sheaves support a flexible wire cable 60 the two ends of which are secured to the nozzle N via the collector head body 14 as at fasteners 58 and 59, Fig. 1. The upper stretch 61 of the cable 60 passes over a nozzle-carrying portion C of the collector head as shown in Fig. 2. In order to hold the loop of the cable which is partially shown at the left in Fig. 1 in firm frictional contact with the cable driving pulley 55 on mechanism G, the carrier plate 57 (right, Fig. 1) supports a spring-operated, cable-tensioning assembly 62 the character and functioning of which will be fully apparent from inspection and comparison of Figs. 1 and 2.

In order to enable some selection in the exact position of the cable 60, the carrier plate 57 (see Fig. 3) is pivotally guided by suitable circular surfaces on the case ofreduction gear unit 45 and the securing bolts or screws 45 for the assembly are tightened, during installation, after the plate 57 and its cable tensioning and supporting assembly 62 has been adjusted to the proper position. At the opposite loop of the cable, adjacent unit G, similar adjustment of its position is enabled (see Fig. 4) by turning of the case 53 of unit G on supporting circular counterbore surface 53 in swing arm 22 before drilling holes (not shown) to receive a locking key 53". Discs 55' and 56 on the sheaves for cable 60 serve as guards which, in case the cable runs out of either sheave groove, prevent the cable from being fed into the carding machine.

The reversible two speed output gear and clutch mechanism or unit G, Fig. 4, the input gear 55a of which is continuously turned by drive shaft 11 while the carding machine is in operation, is controlled as a function of the position of the collector head C along the connecting rod 25 which is parallel to the drive shaft as shown in Fig. 1. Positioning linkage operated by an abutment 66 on the collector head C (see particularly Fig. 1A) operates through a flexible control link 67 and connected toggle mechanism T, Figs. 5 and 6, to move a clutch shifter lever 68, Figs. 4 and 5, which, in turn, operates a spring clutch assembly U of mechanism G in order to determine the direction and speed of operation of cable drive sheave 55 through the transmission gearing of unit G as will be more fully explained later. In the specifically illustrated installation, per Fig. 1 (for a right hand carding machine) the leftward traverse stroke of the collector head C is very rapid, rightward very slow. It does not matter, of course, which stroke is rapid and which is slow.

In Fig. l a pair of clutch actuator or control arms 70 and 74 (of Fig. 1A) are assumed to be adjustably fixed in proper position to a slide rod 71 parallel to frame connector rod 25, which latter supports the slide rod through suitable brackets 73 fast on the connector rod. Flexible control link 67 is suitably attached, as at 67; to the slide rod. Assuming abutment 66 of collector head C has just made contact with arm (conditioning the mechanism of unit G for slow traverse driving of the collector head to the right commencing a traverse cycle) the abutment 66, upon engagement with arm 74 will move the slide rod 71 and connected flexible control link 67 rightwardly, reversing the drive mechanism of unit G and causing commencement of leftward slow traverse stroke. Complete traverse cycle has been per formed when arm 70 isre-engaged and moved by abutment 66.

At or near each end of each traverse stroke of the collector head C the air valve 16 is reversed from its previously occupied position through engagement, by

abutments 77 and 78 (adjustably fixed to the connector z rod 25), with a valve control arm 79 connected to the stem of the valve plug 16a (see Fig. 1B which shows the valve open). As will be apparent from comparison of Figs. 1 and 1B (the latter showing a small air bypass opening 16b which extends through the valve plug), the

effective nozzle suction is greatly diminished by automatic closing movement of the valve 16 at the end of the slow or active (rightward) traverse stroke of the collector head; and full suction is again reestablished at completion of the rapid or idle traverse stroke.

As already indicated above, the principal purpose of only partially closing valve 16 during the rapid traverse stroke of the nozzle N is so that substantially no removal of embedded fiber or other material from the clothing wires will be accomplished during that stroke of the nozzle, while nevehtheless substantially the same amount of fleece will be removed from the cylinder per unit of operating time as occurred during the active or slow traverse stroke. Leaving the valve partially open during the rapid stroke is also beneficial in that it maintains air movement through the nozzle so that the nozzle aperture will not be clogged by a sudden surge of fiber bearing air into the aperture when the valve is moved to fully open position.

Because the mechanism of unit A operates to transpose the fast and slow traversing movements when the unit is installed on a left hand carding machine (slow traverse stroke is then leftward, Fig. 1), it is necessary for the valve-stem-connected control arm 79 to have two positions for attachment to the valve plug in order that valve operation shall be properly co-ordinated to traverse speed. The position 79a, Fig. 1B, 90 removed from the position shown as occupied by arm 79 in Fig. 1 serves the just above indicated purpose.

Principally to prevent interested persons from unauthorizedly tampering with the valve 16 in a manner to interfere with its proper automatic re-positioning by the collector head, stops for the angular valve movement between on and off positions are provided (shown as pins 129 Fig. 1B) for co-operation with a stop arm 121 on the shank of the valve plug 16a.

If, during installation, the valve-operating abutment arms 77 and 78, Fig. 1, are not located in exactly correct positions on connector rod 25 in relationship to the cyclical back-and-forth motion of collector head C, then the 6 for part 122. Instead of providing yieldable abutments such as 122, Fig. 1C, an equivalent yielding effect may be incorporated in the valve, as illustrated by Fig. ID, by employing a yieldable cantiliver spring arm 130 on the tapered valve plug 16c which, during traversing movement of the nozzle carrier, holds the valve plug in its two working positions by co-operation with stops 131 and 132 on the valve body. The two-way-yielding spring arm enables safe movement of the carrier somewhat beyond the positions necessary to move the valve to its working positions.

There is a depletion in the effective suction force controlled by valve 16 generally in proportion to the distance the carding machine is from the suction producing means, and to allow for that variation a readily replaceable orifice plate 125 with opening 125' is provided in the valve assembly, preferably as illustrated in Fig. 1B.

The specific arrangements and operations of gear and clutch mechanism G and toggle mechanism T, as shown in Figs. 4, 5 and 6, are as follows: Input gear 55a through its bevel teeth 80 continuously drives a carrier gear 81 for a helical clutch spring 82, the gear 81 being loosely journalled on a main shaft 83 suitably supported in casing section 53a. The coils of the spring 82 lying remotely of its carrier gear 81 normally loosely surround a clutch drum surface 84 on the shaft. The clutch spring has an energizing toe 85 which normally revolves idly past an actuator lug 86 on a shipper collar 87 positionable by the shipper lever 63 through appropriate radial pins entering the collar. The shaft 83 carries snap rings 8'8 which limit the axial movement of shipper collar 37 and permit its easy assembly on shaft 83.

Spur gear teeth $9 on input gear 55a drive a speed reduction gear and worm assembly 90, diagrammatically shown, the worm meshing with teeth of a worm wheel 91, loose on shaft 83 and serving as a carrier for a clutch spring 92 identical with spring 82 and operating the same way under the influence of shipper collar 87, its connected lever 68 and the toggle mechanism T. Actuator pin 86' engages toe 85' to energize clutch spring 92. Takeoff from the shaft 83, which is reversibly driven by selective action of the spring clutches (and at greatly reduced speed if clutch spring 92 is energized) is solely through spur gear couple 93, 99 to the cable drive wheel 55.

In the disclosed design of mechanism the active traverse of the carding cylinder by nozzle N (with drive shaft 11 turning at around 13 R. P. M. which is usual) occupies about 30 minutes, and the return stroke occupies about 1.8 minutes. All areas of the cylinder clothing (due to overlap in effective nozzle pick-up orifice path over the cylinder) are subjected progressively to suction during each fast and slow traverse stroke.

The toggle arms or arm assemblies 108 and 101 of mechanism T are designed with fixed trunnion antifriction bearing supports 102, 103. The trunnion pins 162 and 103 are locked by associated threaded units, or otherwise, in relatively opposite wall members 105 and 106. Additional antifriction bearings are provided (not indicated by numerals) for the supporting pins 108 and 109 of toggle tension spring 110. The lower horizontal portion of toggle arms 101 (as shown in Fig. 5) is slotted (slot shown at 111 Fig. 6) to receive a pin portion 112 of clutch shifter lever 68. A similar (pin and slot) connection 115 is provided between the toggle arm 100 and a bell crank 116 to which the operating link 67 of slide rod 71, both previously described, is attached.

While it is evident that present subject method of treating carding machine clothing, as described particularly in the introductory paragraphs of the present specification, can be carried out by mechanisms other than those disclosed thereby, it is also evident that said mechanisms are designed effectually to perform automatically the necessary succession of steps.

The procedure, by way of summary of the more im- 'portant characteristics, comprises removing a relatively narrow ribbon or strand of fiber from a fleece supporting region of the rotating carding cylinder by locally applying strong suction force close to the cylinder, progressively and unidirectionally therealong until an uninterrupted peripheral area of the cylinder of considerable axial extent has been subjected to the suction, and then, after a period of time which is a small percentage of that consumed during traversal of said area, repeating the procedure, starting at approximately the same location on the cylinder as before. Additionally, and as part of the operating cycle, suction is applied to the cylinder clothing progressively in the opposite direction along the cylinder and with sufficient intensity to cause removal from the cylinder of approximately as much fleece per unit of time as before but with insufiicient intensity to cause removal of any substantial amount of fleece-supporting or blanket fiber material from the cylinder clothmg.

In continuously treating cylinder clothing for carding machines built or adapted for cotton and synthetic fiber stock the suction utilized with the mechanism hereof is on the order of 20 inches to 30 inches (water), roughly twice that practiced heretofore during sliver production of the carding machines on those fiber stocks, and the nozzle orifice, which is more or less of venturi shape in longitudinal section (not illustrated), has its eifective (smallest) diameter limited to .125 inch to .150 inch which is roughly half the diameter heretofore used for those fiber stocks. Further said diameter is materially less than the average fiber length. As against the active traverse time of one half an hour with relatively short return time the practice heretofore, in cleaning during carding machine operation was on the order of two minutes per stroke, both strokes fully active. While the single nozzle N is shown as adapted to traverse the entire fleece supporting area of the carding cylinder it will readily be understood that more than one nozzle can be used to carry out the treatment hereof in which case the nozzles can operate over respectively different areas of the cylinder or, in part at least, over common areas.

We claim:

1. A process of maintaining a card clothed cylinder pr a carding machine in condition to produce useful sliver and during productive operation of the machine; comprising removing a relatively narrow ribbon or strand lof fiber from a fleece supporting region of the rotating cylinder by locally applying suction force close to the ,cylinder, progressively and unidirectionally therealong it until an uninterrupted peripheral area of the cylinder of considerable axial extent has been subjected to the suc- .tion, and then, after a period of time which is a small percentage of that consumed during traversal of said area, repeating the foregoing procedure, starting at ap- J proximately the same axial location on the cylinder as before.

2. The process according to claim 1 wherein, during said period, of time, suction is applied to the cylinder clothing progressively in the opposite direction along the cylinder and with sufiicient intensity to cause removal from the cylinder of approximately as much fleece per unit of time as before and with insufiicient intensity to cause removal of any substantial amount of fleecesupporting or blanket fiber material from the cylinder clothing.

3. The process according to claim 1, wherein the 'swath or track along which the suction is applied to the cylinder clothing is of less width than the average length of fibers being carded.

4. The process according to claim 1, wherein (as used for average cotton and synthetic fibers) the applied suction is on the order of 20 inches to 30 inches (water) and application is by a nozzle whose aperture area is on the order of .0123 sq. inch to .0177 sq. inch.

5. The process according to claim 2, wherein the applied suction is controlled by automatic operation of a valve in an air duct leading from a subatrnospheric pressure source to the region of application of suction.

6. The process according to claim 1 wherein the suction is applied by a nozzle which .is caused cyclically to traverse the rotating carding cylinder by an automatically reversing two speed driving mechanism.

7. The process according to claim 6, wherein movements of the valve from open to partially closed position and vice versa are functions of nozzle position along the carding cylinder and the time of operation of the valve as to each position is adjustable.

8. A process of maintaining a card clothed cylinder of a carding machine in condition to produce useful sliver, which process is performed cyclically during productive operation of the machine; comprising applying strong suction force to the cylinder clothing surface as the cylinder turns, and over a limited track or swath which progresses along the cylinder in one direction and is efiective to remove fiber and other material as a strand which is considerably narrower than the average length of fibers being carded, the rate of progression being such that the swath or track defining areas mutually overlap axially of the cylinder uniformly along a predetermined length of the cylinder, then, after a delay or substantially idle period .which is a small percentage of the time consumed in the foregoing treatment, repeating said treatment, starting in approximately the same axial location on the cylinder as before.

9. A method or process of maintaining the clothing of a carding machine in proper condition to produce desirable sliver and during active or sliver-producing operation of the machine, said method comprising: applying intensive suction to a cylindrical, card-clothed element of the machine and fiber material thereon progressively in a helical relatively narrow swath, and unidirectionally axially of the helix so that the swath extends continuously over all fleece-supporting areas of the clothing, then substantially discontinuing the application of intensive suction for a relatively short period and recommencing to apply intensive suction to the clothing at the initial starting point during repetition of the described procedure.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,327,349 Goldsmith Aug. 24, 1943 2,422,011 Goldsmith Jan. 10, 1947 2,433,810 Clark Dec. 30, 1947 2,541,407 Clark Feb. 13, 1951 2,585,776 Hermanek Feb. 12, 1952 2,627,631 Castell Feb. 10, 1953 2,651,080 Wied Sept. 8, 1953 

